I know very little about (My)SQL but most such errors seem to be caused by the MySQL server not running in ANSI mode (as required by ThumbsPlus). Could that be the problem here?
If so, one way to solve it is to put the following in your my.cnf (or my.ini) file and re-starting MySQL:
sql_mode="ansi"
However, another MySQL user commented that this works better..:
sql-mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,ANSI_QUOTES"
..so that might be worth a try as well.
Another comment that he made was: "I updated my mysql server version to 5.6.1 and the connector to 5.2.5. To establish a connection you need to choose the unicode driver version - not the ansi. With ANSI thumbsplus crashes."
If this doesn't help, maybe you can (temporarily) turn SQL tracing on in Windows' ODBC settings, to see which specific command is causing TP10 to crash, and then see if there's a syntax error in it.
How long have you been using your current database, and has it been working well other than for this particular error?